What
indicates the existence of relationships between objects? The object connected through
a relation experiences a change, where the source is the entry linked object. A
relationship can be bidirectional (friendship) or one-way – only one object in the pair tied by the relationship
experiences the changes (a plant extracts its energy from the sun – experiences
the change, which comes from the sun, the sun does not experience a change,
which comes from the plant).
In
the light of qOSTW the world is a huge network of objects linked with
relations.
Aside
from the network, another important
concept in qOSTW is a change. Why the
change is a key concept in qOSTW? Without the change the universe would be
still, where everything is fixed, determined, immovable. And such a world does
not exist. Everything is a subject to change or may it be in the future. The change
proves the existence of something; the change indicates that something
disappears, the change shows that something new arises. The change is a signal
that leads us to the source of the change. We need a change, we are afraid of a
change, we want to control a change.
In
every network nodes and bonds connecting nodes can be identified. There is particular
object or phenomenon, which is not an object in the colloquial sense, on each
node of the network within the qOSTW. We introduce the concept of the system
into the qOSTW. There is a system at each node of the network. There is a
relationship at each link of the network, that binds systems lying on the nodes
connected by the bond.
Why
link the network is not identical to a relation. Well, the link exists as long
as any of the linked systems experiences changes, where the source is the
system linked. Relations between these systems can vary, the binding remains.
We have only two states for links: the link exists or it does not.
The
network maps the existing objects and relations that links them, while the
network and its components provides the tools for a holistic study of the
reality.
We
introduce another concept: an order. How can we imagine the order? We have a
scrap of the network: backbone of nodes and links.
Within
this frame we put components of the order: positions onto the nodes; onto the links we
put relationships belonging to the order.
The
set of all positions and relationships that make up a given order has got, as a
whole, specific functionality (functionality is the potential to provide
something, for example: change, a system, an information).
Potential
functionality becomes a real functionality when the order elements are occupied
by appropriate systems. Thus the order is a set of specific elements and
relationships imposed on a subset of the network that, when placed in positions
of appropriate systems, supplies (as a whole) specific functionality. The
change within the range of the position or relationship entails the change of
the order.
To
better understand the position of an order in relation to the network let’s add
that there can be several items (elements) imposed on one network node, each
one from a different order. It also means that the system located on this node occupies
each of these items, it means that it is involved in each of the orders which
have the position in the given node of the network.
The
network informs us which systems are linked with one another, but says nothing
about the relationship that binds them; the order says about the relations. There
can be several relations imposed on the link of the network. A woman and a man
can be married (a relationship in an order specifying marriage) and may be linked
through a professional relationship, moreover they can be connected through the
third relation of being parents of the same children. Two nodes of the network
and one bond, and a woman and a man as systems lying on the nodes of the
network and three relationships (of the marital, professional and parental order)
imposed on the link.
Sometimes
it is comfortable to look at an order like at the finished matrix composed of
positions and relationships; at its positions there can be different systems placed.
If any of the located systems would not be appropriate for the occupied position,
the order will not execute its functionality assigned or will execute different
functionality.
The
order creates a new system of higher-order out of systems keeping positions of
this order, if:
1)
a group of those systems linked with the order relationships has got
functionality, thus as a whole is the source of change, and
2)
occupies a position in the order of a higher range.
This
created system is called supersystem in relation to its constituent systems.
We
can see that the network must be multidimensional. Note that the world is made
of a series of various supersystems.
We
have indivisible core systems, which take positions in the superior order. A
group of such systems related to the order takes a position within a superior
order forming the supersystem. That supersystem occupies a position in the
order of even higher order, which is a constitutive order for the 2nd
range of the superior system with respect to our core system, etc ...
It
is not possible to take a full understanding of the systems and superior
systems, that’s why we will use these concepts as a local traits knowing that
every system has a sub-systems series of lower order and supersystems series of
higher-order. The human body contains among others subsystems: the atoms with
their constitutive order, cells (made of atoms) with their order, organs (composed of cells)
with their order, internal systems (made up of organs and cells) with their order, the body with
the order bonding all subsystems. The system ‘human individual’ enters into
higher-order systems: a human belongs to different groups with their own
constitutive orders. An individual can be simultaneously in different groups
with various orders. A system ‘class’ (superior system for a system ‘student’)
is a subsystem of the system ‘school’, which is a subsystem of the educational
system, which is a subsystem of the system ‘state’.
qOSTW
clearly distinguishes between the real systems and orders from their mental
representation. The concept, which the mind operates, is only a simplified
representation of the real system, such as the concept “interpretation” is a
simplified representation of the real order. Systems and orders are objective.
There are not several versions of the same order. However, there can be a few mental
representations of the same order, subjective interpretations, because our
imperfect minds and limited senses perceive, recognize and reflect encountered
orders and systems differently.
Thus,
a conflict occurs at the level of interpretation. At the level of orders and
systems there will be no conflict.
qOSTW
is a holistic way of looking at the reality. It provides concepts and tools to
study the complex reality. qOSTW does not explain how something specifically
works, does not describe the specific world. It is rather a complementary
method of describtion both, at the general and also structural level. A description
of an object or phenomenon consistent with qOSTW can be specified, in the sense
that there will be precisely identified and defined component systems, positions
of sub-systems, , relationships between them. There are well-defined master systems
of the tested system, positions of in superior orders occupied by the tested
system, and relationships that bind our system with other systems, which are
components of the same superior orders.
Metaphorically
you could say that qOSTW provides a framework for model of reality, and the science
fills in the frame, this structure with the content. qOSTW provides a set of
questions, the answers build our knowledge about a particular piece of reality.
Because
qOSTW recognizes an object (system) into networks of relationships, it allows
for a holistic view onto the system and its dynamic environment.
Chemistry
describes our world with compounds, chemical reactions and their properties.
Physics describes the world using the concepts of matter, energy, force,
describes the relationship between these figures. qOSTW describes the world
using the concepts of system, order, relation, emergence, position, attribute.
These three types of information provide complementary descriptions, each of
which allows to explore a particular area of the world at a different level, and provides different
information. Each of these descriptions provides concepts, theorems and
definitions that allow you to specify each part of reality using these
concepts.
Any
phenomenon can be studied at three different levels of abstraction: actual (particular
specimen tested), abstract (research and explore the knowledge about the class which
this specimen belongs to), and conduct research at the highest level of
abstraction – at the level of qOSTW, recognizing relationships, orders, superior
systems and subsystems, indicating the attributes and functionalities, defining
the existing change. The knowledge gained from these three considerations will
be complementary. The qOSTW level is a holistic
look.
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